Nepal is a country with multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious people and diverse
Culture. This vast diversity is the most unique feature of Nepal as a country. Of total
inhabited communities, there are 61 groups belonging to indigenous/ethnic communities.
Again, 61 indigenous /ethnic groups comprise of minor populated groups like Bankariya,
Kusunda, Chhierotan, Kushabadiya, Raute, Surel and groups having more than million
populations, for example, Magar, Tharu, Tamang, etc . The majority of indigenous people
and ethnic groups are weak and marginalized in terms of economic condition, social status,
educational level and political involvement. The gap in their level of development is still
very significant. In such a situation, it is crucial for the country’s all-round development
that each community and ethnic group has the opportunity to progress in a balanced and
appropriate manner. The special features which make the ethnic groups distinct from other
sections of society are an asset to the nation. In turn, the equitable and sustainable
development of the nation will only be possible through the realization of their specific
needs and rights.
Nepal is presently party to more than 16 international instruments on human rights, but a
vast gap exists between these commitments on paper and their implementation in
practice. Caste-based (and by extension ethnicity-based) discrimination remains ingrained
in Hindu-dominated Nepalese society, despite legal provisions. Wealth and power are
disproportionately distributed to favor higher castes, restricting social mobility and the
possibility of intergenerational change.